Which condition is characterized by prolonged jaundice in a newborn?

Prolonged jaundice in a newborn is primarily associated with congenital hypothyroidism, among the options provided. Congenital hypothyroidism results from an insufficient production of thyroid hormones due to various causes, which can lead to a myriad of symptoms, including prolonged physiological effects on the liver and bilirubin metabolism, potentially causing jaundice that lasts longer than expected in newborns.

Physiological jaundice, usually seen in the first few days of life, typically resolves within a week due to the maturation of the liver's enzyme systems. Breast milk jaundice can occur in some infants due to factors in breast milk, but it usually appears after the first few days of life and resolves by 4 to 6 weeks, making it not characteristic of prolonged jaundice beyond this timeframe.

Although hepatitis can indeed cause jaundice, it is less common as a primary cause of prolonged jaundice in otherwise healthy newborns compared to congenital hypothyroidism. Recognizing that prolonged jaundice beyond the typical window suggests an underlying condition, congenital hypothyroidism stands out as a key diagnosis that necessitates early detection and treatment to prevent complications.