What type of skin condition does Malassezia cause?

Malassezia is a genus of fungi that is normally found on the skin of humans and other mammals. It plays a significant role in skin conditions, particularly tinea versicolor, which is also known as pityriasis versicolor. This condition is characterized by the development of discolored patches on the skin, which can vary in color from lighter to darker than the surrounding skin.

Malassezia can lead to the disruption of normal skin pigmentation by inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase, which is involved in melanin production. This results in the characteristic hypopigmented or hyperpigmented lesions, particularly noticeable in areas of skin that have been exposed to sunlight. The condition can be exacerbated by warm, humid conditions, common in tropical areas or during the summer months.

Understanding the role of Malassezia is crucial in distinguishing tinea versicolor from other skin conditions. For example, tinea corporis is caused by dermatophytes, not Malassezia, and is characterized by circular, itchy rashes with raised borders. Similarly, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis involve different inflammatory and immunologic mechanisms that are unrelated to Malassezia infection. This specificity of Malassezia's role helps guide effective treatment options, such as antifungal medications