What type of muscle damage occurs in lateral epicondylitis?

In lateral epicondylitis, commonly referred to as tennis elbow, the type of muscle damage that occurs is characterized primarily by microtears in the tendons attached to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. This condition is believed to result from repetitive stress and overuse, which leads to degenerative changes in the extensor tendons, particularly the extensor carpi radialis brevis.

These microtears represent a gradual form of tissue damage rather than an acute injury, which would be more associated with complete ruptures. This distinction is crucial because lateral epicondylitis typically leads to pain and tenderness in the area rather than a sudden interruption of function seen in complete ruptures. The pathological changes include inflammation, degeneration, and the formation of scar tissue within the tendon, which further emphasizes the nature of microtears as the underlying issue.

Understanding this mechanism is critical for choosing the appropriate treatment options, such as physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and rest, to promote healing without exacerbating the microtearing process.