What syndrome is characterized by hematuria, mild proteinuria, and hypertension in a 9-year-old male?

The presentation described aligns most closely with Alport syndrome, which is a genetic condition often manifesting in childhood and can lead to hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension. Alport syndrome is characterized specifically by mutations affecting the type IV collagen found in the basement membranes of the glomeruli, leading to kidney problems. The hematuria is often the most prominent finding, and individuals may develop significant kidney dysfunction over time.

In this case, the combination of hematuria, mild proteinuria, and hypertension in a young male patient strongly suggests this condition, particularly given its typical early age of onset. Additionally, Alport syndrome can present with associated symptoms involving the eyes and ears, but in the scenario presented, the renal findings are the focus.

Other conditions, while they may share certain symptoms, do not fit the clinical picture as closely. Nephrotic syndrome would typically present with heavy proteinuria, leading to significant edema, which is not indicated in this case. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis may present with similar findings but tends to be more associated with nephrotic syndrome features rather than the hematuria and slight proteinuria described. IgA nephropathy might also cause hematuria and proteinuria, but it