What shape do cystine stones typically have?

Cystine stones are known for their distinct hexagonal shape, which is a key diagnostic feature. This characteristic morphology arises from the crystallization of cystine, an amino acid, in the urine of patients with cystinuria. The hexagonal geometry occurs due to the specific molecular arrangement of cystine molecules as they form crystals, which ultimately leads to the stone formation in the urinary tract.

Recognizing the hexagonal shape of cystine stones is crucial in clinical practice, as it helps differentiate them from other types of urinary stones, which may have different shapes and compositions. This distinction is particularly relevant in diagnosing cystinuria, a hereditary condition leading to recurrent stone formation. Proper identification of cystine stones can guide treatment options and preventive measures for affected individuals.