What is typically a major risk factor in the development of Buerger disease?

Buerger disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans, is strongly associated with cigarette smoking. It is a condition that leads to inflammation and thrombosis in small to medium-sized blood vessels, primarily affecting the arms and legs. The primary risk factor for developing Buerger disease is the use of tobacco products, particularly smoking.

The mechanisms through which tobacco use contributes to Buerger disease involve blood vessel inflammation and the promotion of thrombus formation, which can lead to ischemia in peripheral tissues. In individuals who smoke, the likelihood of developing Buerger disease increases significantly, making cessation of smoking an essential aspect of management for patients diagnosed with this condition.

Though obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus are all risk factors for various types of cardiovascular disease and complications, they are not specifically linked to the etiology of Buerger disease in the same way that smoking is. Therefore, understanding the strong correlation between cigarette smoking and Buerger disease is crucial for the diagnosis and prevention of this vascular condition.