What is the recommended treatment for a testicular varicocele?

The recommended treatment for a testicular varicocele primarily involves addressing any associated symptoms such as pain, infertility, or testicular atrophy. Spermatic vein embolization or ligation is an effective procedure that targets the abnormal veins causing the varicocele. This minimally invasive approach involves blocking the problematic veins to redirect blood flow, which can relieve symptoms and improve fertility outcomes in affected individuals.

In terms of patient management, observation can be an approach for asymptomatic varicoceles, particularly in younger patients, as many may resolve spontaneously. However, when symptoms are present, surgical intervention or a procedure like spermatic vein embolization/ligation becomes a more appropriate choice. Surgical resection typically involves an open surgery that can yield good outcomes, but may not be the first-line treatment option compared to the less invasive embolization technique. Radiation therapy, on the other hand, is not a standard treatment approach for varicoceles. Thus, spermatic vein embolization or ligation stands out due to its effectiveness and lower recovery time compared to traditional surgery.