What is the most common visual defect seen in PCA stroke?

The most common visual defect following a posterior cerebral artery (PCA) stroke is indeed homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing. In PCA strokes, one of the primary areas affected is the occipital lobe, which is responsible for visual processing. This damage leads to a visual field loss in the same side of both eyes, termed homonymous hemianopia.

Additionally, macular sparing occurs due to the dual blood supply of the macula from both the PCA and the middle cerebral artery (MCA). This results in preservation of central vision even in the presence of hemianopia, as the macula often remains functional due to this collateral circulation. This phenomenon is particularly notable and makes it a distinctive feature in PCA strokes.

Other visual defects described in the choices, such as color blindness, scotoma, and bitemporal hemianopia, are less characteristic of PCA strokes. Color blindness typically arises from genetic conditions affecting the cones in the retina and is not directly associated with stroke-related mechanisms. Scotomas refer to localized field defects and could arise from a variety of conditions but are not as commonly reported post-PCA stroke. Bitemporal hemianopia results from lesions at the optic chiasm, and while