What is a major concern following blood transfusions that can lead to respiratory distress?

Transfusion-associated cardiac overload, also known as transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO), is a significant concern after blood transfusions. This condition arises when the volume of transfused blood overwhelms the recipient's circulatory system, leading to symptoms such as respiratory distress, hypertension, and signs of heart failure. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular issues are particularly vulnerable, as their heart may not tolerate the additional volume of fluid effectively.

Respiratory distress can occur due to pulmonary edema, which is a result of increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary circulation due to fluid overload. This condition can develop rapidly, typically within six hours of transfusion. Recognizing TACO is crucial for timely intervention, which may include supportive measures such as diuretics to help remove excess fluid from the body and improve respiratory function.

The other options may represent other complications of blood transfusions, but they do not primarily lead to respiratory distress in the same manner as TACO. For example, anemia due to hemolysis involves the destruction of red blood cells and can lead to symptoms such as fatigue and pallor, but respiratory distress is not a direct consequence. Allergic reactions typically manifest with hives or itching rather than respiratory difficulties, and fluid deficit syndrome is not directly