What is a common trio of conditions associated with granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), previously known as Wegener's granulomatosis, is an antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis that primarily affects the respiratory tract and kidneys. The condition is characterized by the formation of granulomas, which are clusters of inflammatory cells.

The correct answer highlights a common trio of conditions associated with GPA: chronic rhinosinusitis, treatment-resistant pneumonia, and glomerulonephritis. These manifestations directly correlate with the pathophysiological aspects of GPA.

Chronic rhinosinusitis is prevalent in GPA due to the upper respiratory tract involvement, often leading to significant symptoms such as nasal obstruction, discharge, and facial pain. Treatment-resistant pneumonia can occur as a result of lung involvement, which includes nodules or infiltrates that do not respond well to standard antibiotic therapy, reflecting the underlying inflammation and granuloma formation in the lung tissue. Glomerulonephritis is a critical aspect of GPA that leads to renal impairment due to the inflammation of the glomeruli, often resulting in symptoms of hematuria, proteinuria, and the potential for kidney failure.

The other options, while they describe various medical conditions, do not