What eye problem is common in premature infants before 31 weeks gestational age?

Retinopathy of prematurity is a significant concern for premature infants, particularly those born before 31 weeks of gestational age. This condition arises due to the abnormal development of blood vessels in the retina of these infants, often triggered by the low oxygen levels that preterm babies experience. The retina is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, and its proper vascularization is crucial for normal vision development.

In premature infants, especially those born under 31 weeks, the immature retinal vasculature may respond inadequately to the environmental conditions, leading to either excessive blood vessel growth or failure of proper vascularization. This can progress to more severe stages and potentially result in complications such as retinal detachment if not monitored and treated appropriately.

Understanding this condition is essential as it highlights the need for careful monitoring of preterm infants' vision health and provides insight into the long-term visual outcomes that these children may encounter.