What condition may lead to high purine turnover and result in uric acid stones?

Tumor lysis syndrome is a condition that occurs when large numbers of cancer cells are broken down rapidly, often following chemotherapy treatment. This rapid cell destruction leads to a high turnover of purines, resulting in an increased release of uric acid into the bloodstream. As uric acid levels rise significantly, the kidneys may be unable to excrete the excess, leading to hyperuricemia. This condition can result in the formation of uric acid stones in the renal system due to the precipitation of uric acid in the urine, especially under acidic conditions.

In contrast, while gout is associated with high uric acid levels, it is primarily a chronic condition related to impaired uric acid metabolism rather than a rapid turnover as seen in tumor lysis syndrome. Chronic kidney disease can also lead to elevated uric acid levels due to impaired excretion; however, it is not characterized by the acute and significant increase in purine turnover associated with tumor lysis. Diabetes mellitus does not have a direct relationship with purine metabolism and uric acid stone formation in the same manner as tumor lysis syndrome does.