What complication is most commonly associated with PCOS?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age. One of the most significant and concerning complications associated with PCOS is endometrial cancer. This condition is characterized by a prolonged state of unopposed estrogen exposure, which arises due to irregular ovulation or anovulation. Because women with PCOS often experience infrequent or absent menstrual periods (amenorrhea), they have a higher risk of developing hyperplasia of the endometrium, which can progress to cancer if not monitored and managed appropriately.

The risk of endometrial cancer is particularly relevant because it emphasizes the importance of regular screening and management of menstrual irregularities in women diagnosed with PCOS. This is a key aspect of patient care, as the risk can be potentially mitigated through lifestyle modifications, hormonal therapy, and regular gynecological assessments.

While infertility, hypertension, and osteoporosis are also associated with PCOS, they are not recognized as the primary or most severe complication in clinical practice compared to endometrial cancer. Infertility can be a challenging aspect of PCOS, but it does not carry the same immediate risk of life-threatening conditions as endometrial cancer does.