The translocation associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is?

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by a specific genetic translocation involving chromosomes 9 and 22. This translocation results in the formation of the Philadelphia chromosome, which is a key characteristic of CML. The Philadelphia chromosome arises from the fusion of the BCR gene on chromosome 22 and the ABL gene on chromosome 9, creating a hybrid BCR-ABL gene. This fusion gene produces a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CML by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis.

Recognizing the significance of the BCR-ABL translocation is essential for diagnosing and managing CML, as targeted therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., imatinib) are designed to specifically inhibit the activity of the BCR-ABL protein, resulting in improved outcomes for patients with this leukemia.