In what scenario would you expect to find contralateral face and arm weakness, sensory loss, and possible aphasia or hemineglect?

The scenario presented describes contralateral face and arm weakness, sensory loss, and potential speech issues like aphasia or hemineglect, which are characteristic features of a middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke.

The MCA supplies a large portion of the lateral cerebral cortex, which includes important areas for motor and sensory function of the face and upper extremities. Thus, when there is an occlusion or infarction of the MCA, it commonly leads to weakness and sensory loss predominantly affecting the contralateral face and arm, since these areas are represented more laterally in the motor and sensory homunculi. Additionally, if the dominant hemisphere (usually the left) is affected, there may be impairments in language function, which can present as aphasia. In the non-dominant hemisphere (usually the right), it could lead to hemineglect where patients may neglect the contralateral side of space.

In contrast to a MCA stroke, other scenarios listed involve different patterns of deficits. A stroke caused by carotid artery occlusion might lead to more diffuse deficits rather than localized weakness. A brainstem stroke could result in cranial nerve involvement and varying deficits depending on the affected area and pathways. Internal carotid artery stenosis typically